Oshikoto award ceremony

https://neweralive.na/posts/oshikoto-top-performers-awarded?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=facebook

Abandoned young family

Read the whole article by clicking on the link provided below

https://neweralive.na/posts/new-life-for-abandoned-young-family

Okankolo network challenges

https://www.google.com/amp/s/neweralive.na/amp/okankolo-grapples-with-network-challenges

Oshikoto ISS

Story available at the link below
https://neweralive.na/posts/ict-ministry-reaches-out-at-omuthiya

Sensitizing Human rights

This article was published in New era newspaper.
https://www.pressreader.com/namibia/new-era/20191219/281569472626968

Classroom inauguration

Shuumbwa Combined school principal, Sarafina Itamalo delivering her speech  during the handover of the classroom

Click on the link below to read the whole story

https://kundana.com.na/posts/rural-school-gets-new-classroom

Oshiwambo cultural foods and drinks

SMEs

See my  newspaper article  by click on the link below


https://www.pressreader.com/namibia/new-era/20191122/281612422243830

Sub Editing roles

The sub-editor also called Assistant editor can be defined as a person usually a  journalist in a newsroom whose job is to  review news story,  revise the writing, check all the text and correct mistakes before final publication. The sub editor is described as "the mid wife of the story" and "unsung hero of a newspaper".

  

The sub editor identify the main points on a story and shape them logically.  He/she check aspects such as accuracy, spellings, grammar, clarity and ensuring that the final copy match the publication's house style. He/she oversee the story, control the content, turn information into attention-grapping and  make  sure that the article is making sense and more readable. He/she also adjust length of the story by removing unnecessary parts, finding suitable  headlines, planning page lay out to make sure that the story fits on the space available, selecting and writing caption for pictures, correcting any misspellings, check and recheck facts, correcting grammar errors and remove irrelevant information that might be defamatory by nature.

 

 

The sub editor plays a vital role in a newsroom by ensuring that accountability, responsibility and professionalism is considered. He/she check whether the adequate lead was given by a reporter by answering reader's questions (5 Ws and H). He/she liaise with reporters, journalists and editors to clarify facts and details of  a story, for instance if the sub editor is not sure about what the reporter has wrote, he/she can ask the write to elaborate more. The sub editor process all stories, obey to copy right laws, verify facts by ensuring that the reporter gave correct names, age, number, tittle of a person  and make sure that the news are based on facts and reported in a fair, balanced and unbiased manner.  He/she scan through each an every single line of copy to make sure that the tone, style and layout of a final copy read better and match the publication's house style and it suits the target market.

 

 

Sub editor add value to the report. He/she have to select the right types of news, editing story and rewrite stories. The sub editor arrange  information in order and delete irrelevant content or improper materials such as libellous statements, instance of editorializing, speculation and those that defy ethics and good taste. He/she correct errors of grammar, spellings of names, places, numbers, phrases, and house style so that they are not printed  wrongly. Sub editor also check errors in style and structure such as punctuation, capitalization, abbreviation, organising paragraphs, and coherence.  He/she delete, jargon, superfluous, technical terms, complex and difficult words, unfamiliar quotes and eliminate redundant words and phrases.

 

 

The headline is the window to the story. Thus, the sub editor have to find a suitable headlines that capture the essence of the story. The headline have to be short, simple and straight to the  point and it must captivate the readers' attention. A good sub editor have to be creative and being able to write an accurate, strong , clear, original, active, correct, immediate, interesting headline that will help a reader to easily get fact and it should attract the reader to want to read the whole article/story.

 

The sub editor have to make sure that the headline fits at the space available and it must tell a story. He/she also write stand firsts or brief introduction which sum up the whole story. The sub editor revise and condense the material to suit the space available.   He/she rewrite or edit text, cut words and expand the story material as necessary to ensure that the story fits a particular word counts.

Apart from verifying facts and writing headlines, the sub editor also shorten sentences (rewrite sentences into a short form), tighten paragraphs, expanding or shortening the whole article when necessary to adjust the space designated by the editor or layout artist.

 

He/she also assess the length to the right size according to the space available at which a story have to be published. Apart from trimming the article size, the sub editor also plan and design and   lay out of pages using different desktop publishing software to bring out the perfect layout and attractive copy. He/she also make sure that the right article/story appears at the correct place on each page of the  publication and the story fits correctly on page.  A sub editor ensure that picture used are correct and is appearing at a correct article/story. He/she  also write picture caption that capture the  essence of the image. The  sub editor crop, enhance  and size photos to utilize  image effectively and dynamically. He/she have to move around the photo on the page to ensure that the picture fits at an appropriate space.

 

 

The quality and style of a good publication can be determined by the job well done by the sub editor. A good sub editor have to be intelligent, strong, creative and being able work quickly and provide accurate information to meet the deadlines.  A good sub editor need to know media laws, must have a keen eye for details and be able to compile stories together with speed and style. A sub editor need to be well-read and should have reasonable amount of knowledge about current affairs, besides having excellent command of the language.

 

He or must know their audience, know copyright  laws, know the house style, be creative, be able to respect the writer's work, being  to add value to the overall look of the publication. I always remember the sub editor's  major roles when I think of these 6 Cs namely Correcting, Cutting, Checking, Clarifying, Condensing and Creating. The sub editor edit copy written by reporters,  remove unnecessary and irrelevant information, check if the copy read well  ensuring that fact gathered are correct and the story appear at a correct page,  rewriting or expanding articles when necessary, seek out potential libels and remove them, fit copy into lay out, writing headlines, stand firsts and  photo caption.

 

 A good sub editor is an intelligent reader, tactful and sensitive critic. There is a say that says " any fool can write, it needs a heaven born genius  to edit". I personally believe that if we have well trainee  sub editors there will be no bias in any publication and this will promote and maintain good reputation for most of media houses.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

 

Harcup,T. (2014). A dictionary of journalism, (1st ed.).Oxford university press, page

 

Hicks, W & Holmes, H. (2002). Sub-editing and production for journalists: print, digital and social. USA & Canada: Routledge, page 2.

 

Quinn,S. (2001). Digital subediting and Design: Focal press, page 16-18.

 

Gupta, V, S. (2003). Handbook for reporting and communication skills: Handbook for journalism and media, page 34-37.

 

Lee, A. (2005). Open school of journalism: Subediting. Http://www.open schoolofjournalism.com/

N,a. (2018). Positive journalism, Published June, 2018. Http://Assam journalism.wordpress//2018/06//we-are-in-love-with-schottish-islanders-rebuilding-a-community/

Music soothes mind

Investigating health issues

Media plays a vital role in disseminating health and medical information, news affecting the knowledge and health beliefs of the public . Medical and health issues are of interest to many people and are commonly reported as they have impact on their medical behaviour and awareness. Concepts of health depend on how well a medical condition is understood, a person's age, class and the expectations about a person's economic and social roles.

Many of the investigative stories about health rely on research (made accessible to audience and explaining the impacts). 

Therefore the journalist must have an idea on what he/she is reporting, have knowledge of how science, medicine and research work and be aware of the context within which they operate. An investigative journalist have to know basic biomedical concepts. 

Biomedicine has its own language. Sometimes words or terms used by doctors, nurses and researchers may be very difficult to understand or never heard to the journalist and the audience, so by doing research the journalist will gain knowledge and have an understanding on how medical research works. This will make his/her investigation easy. Using biomedical research will help the journalist to decide whether the information given is useful or even accurate and find a way how to communicate it to the audience. 

Journalists are the required to create awareness ( informing and educating the public on health related issue). 

Biggest health stories come from issues that are accepted as normal part of life, and it is not considered important enough to worry people with the power to make a difference. For example some of this are; the effects of chronic Malaria, health conditions resulting from poverty like diarrhoea and high incidence of cancer among people living near riverbeds. 

Start an investigation by asking the community members about health issues, talking to health practitioners and clinic staff. 

Journalist have to be aware of ; new medications /drugs, wellness ( including foods, alcohol, depression etc.) 

Issues like foods, travel costs to get to the clinics, or community support are not usually considered aspects of health in biomedical framework although they are biggest constraints to the society. 

Sources of health information 

• Local communities 

• Community health and education centres (like libraries, or clinics). 

• Government or organization 

• Health experts

• Medical journal

Different views on health and illness

Information collected on health issues is always influenced by the point of view of the person or organization providing that information. 

A journalist investigating on health condition must always know its basic issues. These are; how does a person develop this condition?, How do people believe it develops?, Is it transmitted from another person? How does it happen?, Is it environmental or work related? Why? 

To wrap it up, people have very different ideas on what health and illness mean. Most international bodies use Biomedicine to evaluate health issues. Published biomedical research is a good place to look for stories, but the journalist have to be clear on why she/he have chosen that topic for research. It is important for an investigative journalist to always know basic concepts of health related issues so that he/she give correct information to the public. Finally, it is important for an investigative journalist to research(find out) the basic information about health issues before starting with his/her investigation. 

Editing for TV

Editing is a process of manipulating, selecting and arranging shots, adding or removing sections of video clips and/or audio clips, choosing their order, their duration and combining individual shots in a specific order.

It is considered to be part of post-production process including mixing of video footage with music, sound effects, audio and special effects and put it in a particular order. This is where the material that has been shot is blended together to form a convincing, persuasive presentation.

Editing goals

There are many reason to edit a video. Editing will depend on the desired outcome that will be accepted by the audience. But before editing begin the editor can clear idea on his/her editing goals which are to assemble material into sequential fashion, correct mistakes by trimming  them out or by covering them with another footage and also to create, enhance, embellish and bring to life images and events that once captured live.

During editing process the editor put together different video by simply cutting the various video tapes pieces together into proper sequences.

Trimming away unwanted footage to make it shorter. Selection of only best material for final edit ( several versions are shot and only the best one is chosen when editing).

Correcting mistakes by cutting unnecessary parts and/or replacing them with the good ones.

To create a flow, the video editor the videos are well edited, he/she can add extra video or extra elements like effects, graphics, music can give a flow in the way which achieves this goal.

A good editor will be able to create subtle mood prompts in a video. Techniques such as mood music and visual effects can influence how the audience will react.

To give a video a particular angle, video can be tailored to support a particular viewpoint, impart a message or serve an agenda.

 

Shooting order VS Running order

Sometimes the action is shot from the start to finish. Only sections of the total action may be deliberately shot, omitting unwanted action. The action may be repeated so that it can be shot from various position. A series of similar subjects may be shot that reached different stage.

Editing video and audio

Cutting and splicing segments of the video tape together using splicing video editing technique.

 

A linear editing

Copying and putting segments  from master tape to another tape in sequential order.

No linear editing

This is were recorded video are copied into the computer then footage can be arranged or rearranged, special effects can be  added,  Audio and graphics can be adjusted using editing Software . 

Overview of the nonlinear process;

• Digitize footage into computer

• Trim each video segments or clip, deleting unwanted video frames.

• Place the clips into timeline

• Add video special effects and transitions.

• Insert additional audio (music, voiceover)

• Output the final program to the distribution medium.

Logging 

Viewing  the footage  and write down scene,  take numbers,  the lengths of each shot,  time code and description of each shot. 

Editing equipment 

A camcorder (with Fireside), editing software package can be installed in a computer to make editing easier. 

Good continuity 

Make sure that everything is consistent from shot to shot so that the shots can easily be edited together. Paying attention to details  will help the editor in achieving good continuity. 

Editing priorities

It is worth remembering during editing phrase that either the pictures or audio may be given priority.  Changing the picture angles and changing shots can make the event happening  interesting. For example if shooting sporting  events it is important to consider the audience.  Taking shots of attendance of people (fans),  side-lines,  pitch/field, players/participants,  people involved (such as coaches,  managers) and people's reactions is the best way to represent the audience and Aura/ambience,  this  will make the audience to enjoy watching the game. Always make sure that what audience see is what they hear,  always cut off unwanted parts without audience noticing any glitches .

Good editing techniques

The editor have to avoid cutting between shots extremely same size of same subject it is jolting for audiences. Do not cut between shots  that are similar or even matching,  it will look as if transformers from one to another. Do not cut between shots of the same size and subject,  it produce a jump cut. If two subjects are going in the same direction,  have them both going across the screen direction. Avoiding cutting between still(static) Shots and moving images except for a specific reason. If breaking continuity of action,  introduce cutesy shot to ensure that this relates meaningfully to the main tension. Avoid cutting the shots that make people or object move from one side of the screen to another.

A TV editor is like a mirror to the overall production for TV shows/programs.  He/she filter the final TV content,  bring the show to life and ensure that it suits the needs of the audience.